The 8 phases of EMDR: what happens at each stage
EMDR is a phased treatment, not an isolated eye-movement technique. The stages support assessment, preparation, processing and review without assuming that everything happens in one appointment.
The eight phases are history and treatment planning, preparation, target assessment, desensitization, installation of an adaptive belief, body scan, closure and reevaluation. A therapist may move forward, step back or spend several sessions on a phase depending on safety and individual need.
1. History and planning; 2. Preparation
The therapist gathers relevant history, symptoms, support, risks, goals and possible targets. Preparation explains the method, practises ways to return attention to the present and agrees signals for pausing.
Preparation is not a delay before “real EMDR”; it is part of treatment. Complex history, current risk or difficulty staying oriented may require more time before processing.
3. Assessment; 4. Desensitization
Assessment identifies an image, negative belief, emotion, physical sensation and distress level linked to the target. During desensitization, short bilateral-stimulation sets are used while the client notices what emerges.
There is no required chain of thoughts and no goal of retrieving details. The therapist monitors the process and adjusts pace, set length and stimulation.
5. Installation; 6. Body scan
As distress reduces, installation strengthens a more adaptive belief associated with the memory. The body scan checks for remaining disturbing sensations while the target is held in mind.
A low in-session rating alone does not guarantee lasting change; later stability and everyday functioning matter too.
7. Closure; 8. Reevaluation
Closure returns attention to the present and reviews how to handle material that may arise between appointments. Reevaluation, usually at the start of a later session, checks whether change has held and guides the next step.
The phases are a clinical structure rather than a rigid calendar. Ask how the practitioner uses them and decides when to proceed.
Frequently asked questions
Are all eight phases completed in every session?
No. They may span several appointments, and some are repeated for different target memories.
Which phase uses eye movements?
They are most associated with desensitization and installation, although bilateral stimulation may be used at other clinically indicated points.
Can I ask to pause during processing?
Yes. Ongoing consent and control are part of safe practice.
Sources and scope
Informational content based on guidelines and professional bodies. It does not diagnose, recommend individual treatment or replace clinical assessment.